Micro Credit Project and Human Development in Morocco

National Initiative for Human Development in Morocco (NIHD)

The National Initiative for Human Development in Morocco comes from a vision of economic and social development gained by the royal family, and was presented by His Majesty King Mohammed VI currently reigning, May 18, 2005. This initiative is thus part of a global vision based on three components objectives:

• political process of consolidation of the modern state: democracy, rule of law, promoting the rights of women and children;
• Reforms and structural projects to generate growth;
• Human development in its economic, social and cultural development, based on the principles of good governance through information, monitoring and accountability.
The initiative is therefore based on a global and integrated vision of social development, the objective of human being, in order to combat the social deficits that continue to afflict society and lay the foundation for a harmonious development between urban and rural.

It also seeks to enhance the action of the State Government and local authorities, without replacing the sectoral programs or plans for economic and social development of local communities.
To this end, provides a potential in additional funding, to support actions to support permanent, able to bring faster results and produce dynamics in human development of appreciable level.

She started as a central priority of economic and social policy of the country in the fight against poverty, social exclusion and precariousness, deciding strategy as a decentralized approach based on geographic targeting the poorest and most disadvantaged groups in society, on the principles of participation of beneficiary populations, strategic planning, collaboration with local stakeholders to ensure greater ownership and feasibility of projects and interventions and their convergence with the sectoral programs.

For the period 2006-2010 (NIHD) will be divided into four programs listed below

The transversal program

The transversal program aims on the one hand, support for projects with significant impact on human development through all the prefectures, prefectures and provinces of the Kingdom of the district, particularly in rural municipalities, the deprived urban areas, according to a procedure call to present driven projects at the provincial or prefectural level and on the other hand, support for job placement by dell’INDH at the regional level for training / capacity building, technical assistance, communication, evaluation, support to the Divisions of action social (DAS) and associations of municipal and district (EAC / Q) and support to associations of micro-credit.

Programme for the fight against insecurity

Piloted at the regional level, the program of fight against insecurity is designed for individuals marginalized and extremely vulnerable with the aim of:

• To encourage as much as possible the family reintegration of excluded people;
• Improve the quality of services offered to associations and public institutions to achieve quality standards that guarantee the respect of human dignity now;
• Build capacity and potential additional host where this is necessary.

The program to combat social exclusion in urban areas

This program involving more than 264 of the most disadvantaged neighborhoods in the big cities, aims to reduce social exclusion and poverty alleviation poorest communities by improving living conditions and strengthen social inclusion. The measures envisaged in this regard dall’INDH are grouped under four headings:

• Support for access to local services and facilities to the urban core (education, health, road, water and sanitation, etc.).
• Development of the local economy for income-generating activities;
• Support action and animation social, cultural and sporting activities;
• Strengthening governance and building local capacity.

The program to combat poverty in rural areas (Rural Tourism Development Project)

The program to combat poverty in rural areas covers 403 rural municipalities among those that have a poverty rate higher than or close to 30%, according to the paper published in poverty in 2004 by the High Commissioner in charge of the Plan (NIHD).

This program aims to improve human development in these communities, particularly through the following actions:

• Support access to basic infrastructure, equipment and basic social services for people in precarious situations (civil society)
• The development of the local economy for income-generating activities and employment;
• The support for the action and animation in social, cultural and sporting activities,
• Capacity building and local potential;
• In additional to the above programs, is provided for the commitment of expenditure to support the agency in support of the program (NIHD).

The analysis in each category must be refined to more accurately determine the needs of people, the degrees of uncertainty and to develop high-performance multi-sectoral programs.
The institutional and regulatory framework that governs the NIHD, innovative and ambitious initiative, is designed to ensure a work placement in accordance with the procedures that ensure transparency, agility and speed, giving a pivotal role to the regional committees, prefectural, county and local, and oriented management for contracting based on the results.

In this regard, about trust management, recipes and expenses pertaining all’INDH fall within the framework of a special account entitled (“Provision of support for the National Human Development”) created by decree, and that the ‘officer is the Prime Minister. Similarly, the mechanisms that ensure the regularity, transparency and speed of execution of the commitment and expenditure have also been provided.

A loan agreement was signed on December 15, 2006 between the Governments of the Kingdom of Morocco and the World Bank. It’s about helping finance dell’INDH in the amount of 78.9 million euros, equivalent to $ 100 million. This Agreement entered into force on 8 febbraio2007. For its part, the European Union has given a gift to Morocco 60 million, in the framework of the National Program from 2007 to 2010 and refinanced until 2020.

Actors interested in the program (NIHD)

Many actors can intervene in the development of the program (NIHD):

Associations and Unions, Elected local, external companies, local authorities, universities, the private sector, technical and financial partners.
Of all the actors mentioned, associations and cooperatives occupy a central place because the funding of projects NIHD must pass by them.

Procedural framework

The organization dell’INDH is based on a set of texts (circulars, ministerial notes of the Minister of the Interior, ordinances, decrees) as well as of 6 procedures manuals dedicated to:
• Procedures of income-generating activities (AGR);
• procedures of the program for the fight against poverty in the rural sector;
• procedures of the program to combat social exclusion in urban areas;
• procedures of the program to combat insecurity
• procedures for “call for projects” of the transversal program, fiduciary procedures.

Assessment methods

The lack of the following tends to penalize the ex-ante evaluation and design have been incorporated specifically by the World Bank:

• Lack of information on project monitoring, operation of infrastructure;
• Lack of information on the impact of the projects;
• Lack of mechanisms that allow recipients to give their opinion on the project, their use and their satisfaction;
• the specific provisions relating to the component of vulnerability is not present;
• the system of advertising, web-based, partially operational;
• the absence of further development of the projects after their completion.

Bodies external evaluation

Independent body established by the head of government and created in 2008, the National Observatory of Human Development (ONDH), has the mission to the permanent analyze and evaluate the impact of human development programs put in place and to propose measures and actions that contribute to the development and placement in work of a national strategy for human development, particularly within the framework of the initiative to the National human Development; the board shall submit annually to the appreciation of His Majesty the King a report on human development.

In addition, the Inspectorate General of Finance, IGF, and the Inspectorate General of territorial administration (IGAT) have been appointed by the government to jointly pursue the external auditing.

Participatory and inclusive processes

Participation is a central axis of the philosophy dell’INDH, his appreciation is however very difficult in the absence of comprehensive assessment available but also because of the many aspects that encompasses: information, training, consultation, taking into account the views, return of results, evaluation of participation, gender, communication, mediation, management of proximity communication with the people, the presenters of projects and in general all the local actors, is an essential element of the participatory process started.

To meet this requirement, communication programs have been assigned to the DAS, which have drawn up plans for local communication. In addition to corporate communication, many communication actions proximity have been put in place, such as, caravans, billboards, leaflets, meetings news, websites, radio and television programs.

Where to create micro enterprise interested in the micro credit

Perspective view of the tourism sector in Morocco

AROUND 2020 SHORT

Commitment: “To continue to make tourism a key driver of economic, social and cultural life of Morocco”

The profound and rapid transformation of the country as a whole over the past decade, the solid foundations laid down by the Vision 2010 and the opportunities offered by the new trends in world tourism, providing a source of great ambitions for the next decade based on core values and points of difference:

Authenticity: The Moroccan tourism for decades has chosen the consolidation of its development and positioning of its brand authenticity. This choice has become a real competitive advantage, which differs from its direct competitors engaged in mass tourism. The Vision 2020 would grow a historical choice through a proactive approach to the protection, conservation and enhancement of cultural and natural heritage of the Kingdom.

Diversity: in terms of tourism, the most important comparative advantage of Morocco is its diversity: diversity of territories and landscapes, the diversity of natural resources and ecosystems, the diversity of cultures and influences (African and European). the Vision 2020 promotes diversity through an ambitious program of land use.

Quality: while the development of new capacity remains a strategic goal, the Vision 2020 aims to significantly improve the competitiveness of the possible links of the chain of tourism, in particular: to deepen the culture of service and to develop an irresistible offer.

Sustainability: finally, on the basis of the general guidelines adopted for the entire country, Vision 2020 places sustainable development at the center of his ambitions. Morocco with its resources that have historically been stored in this way has a real and substantial potential for differentiation in a highly competitive perspective.

Ambition: “In 2020, Morocco is among the top 20 destinations around the world and emerge as a reference in the Mediterranean in terms of sustainable development”

Objective: “To double the size of the industry”

Doubling the carrying capacity, with the construction of 200,000 new beds with 150,000 hotels and 50,000 structures similar to provide visitors with a rich and dense tourist experience

As a result, increasing tourist arrivals, doubling market share in key European markets and traditional attracting 1 million tourists from emerging markets.
Also you want to triple the number of domestic travel, with the aim of expanding tourism in the country.
The tendency is to create 470,000 new jobs across the country, and use by the end of the decade, nearly one million Moroccans.

Increase revenue from tourism to 140 billion dirhams in 2020, a cumulative sum in the decade of almost 1 trillion dirhams.
Increased by two percentage points of GDP from tourism than the national GDP bringing it as close to 150 billion dirhams compared to 60 today.

Potential of Rural Tourism

The selection of rural tourism is potentially varied: ecotourism / nature, mountain sports, water tourism, wellness and relaxation.
The Moroccan market is characterized by biological diversity and the richness of flora and fauna, despite the great expansion of arid and desert (93% of the territory), and despite the poverty of many soils. It should be noted, however, that in the face of a wealth of wildlife, many species are endangered. Many sites are characterized by the value of their ecological variety and quality of the landscape. In particular this is the case in mountain areas, coasts and wetlands. The impressive number of species identified in studies largely reflect the current reality and unfortunately, many animal and plant species have disappeared or have become very rare and vulnerable, thus justifying a policy of protection and rational management based on the principle of the evaluation.

The different wealth in natural resources often in danger in Morocco involving the assumption of responsible behavior both nationally and internationally; and imposes a duty to ensure the perpetuation of wealth consists of these as The potential “natural” is very diverse. It includes sites that lend themselves to ‘observation, sightseeing tours, sports and favorable sites for ecotourism development of biological interest.

The natural sites are isolated centers of attraction that tourists visit during a transfer between two successive destination (such as a stop to the landscape Ito, during a trip to Meknes Tafilalt) or while hiking rapids from their place of residence (eg, a visit to Oukaïmeden from Marrakech or Agadir Imouzzer Ida or Tanane).
The scenic tours and discovery relating to famous sites and visits are organized into groups, with driving or renting a 4×4 investigating judge individually. The South Atlas of Morocco, with the valleys of the south side (Dadss, Mgoun, Todrha) Ksours and palm oasis presaharic, rock carvings and dunes are the main attractions that make up the attractions for tourists.

The sports sites are largely confined to the mountains. We distinguish many sites of rock climbing (especially in the High and Anti-Atlas), downhill skiing or cross country skiing (High Atlas of Marrakech region of Ifrane, Bou Iblane) present on websites, exploitable rivers for rafting and canyoning (Central High Atlas and Middle East Atlas), the rivers for sport fishing (especially in the Middle East Atlas) and numerous sinkholes, caves and sinkholes for caving.

The land areas involved

- Méditerranée (Tangier, Tetouan, etc.)
- Centre – North (Fez, Meknes, etc.)
- Oriental (Oujda, Taza)
- Centre (Home, Rabat, Kenitra, El Jadida, etc.)
- Grand Sud (Ouarzazate, Errachidia)
- Centre – South (Marrakech, Beni Mellal)
- Balnéaire South (Agadir, Essaouira, etc.)

EU funds – ENI Program

With a total budget of € 15.433 billion for the program 2014 / 2,120, ENI is the new European Neighbourhood Instrument, which provides EU assistance, aimed at creating a zone of prosperity, between the European Union countries EU and neighboring areas (partner countries), not having any prospect of joining the EU, but with which the EU has launched a neighborhood policy. It replaced the old ENPI.

This financial instrument will focus mainly on promoting human rights and the rule of law; development of a thriving civil society; sustainable and inclusive growth and economic development, social and territorial cohesion; mobilization and contacts, regional integration.

Main elements of the new program are: improved diversification of the support given by adapting the service to the needs and progress of the recipient countries; an incentive-based approach, so as to enable the EU to increase its support to countries that will achieve sustainable democracy and the agreed reforms; improvement of the rules on cross border cooperation programs between EU member states and partner countries, to facilitate their effective implementation and faster, closer links with the EU policies and instruments to enable the beneficiary countries and their citizens to participate Community programs in areas such as research and innovation, youth development of SMEs ect ..

Italian Development Cooperation STATE OF THE ART IN MOROCCO

E ‘was also signed April 9, 2013 a new Intergovernmental Agreement conversion of debt by EUR 15 million, which will fund initiatives under the national program Moroccan human development, conservation of the archaeological heritage and training of health personnel. Major Ongoing funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs:

- Support for Healthcare network of basic health services in the Province of Settat;
- Government and Society: Program conversion of debt in favor of efforts to combat poverty;
- Agriculture and Fisheries Olive – Olive implemented exploiting the local growers of Tadla-Azilal, regional project for the integrated management of pests in the country of the Middle East;
- Trade and industry: The fight against poverty in rural Morocco through support to micro-credit;
- Multi-sector: “Fund for Program coordination” – financial instruments and technical assistance to promote the continuation of the cooperation activities in Morocco;
- Migration and Development Project-regional consortia to promote development and export;
- Water and sanitation: Italian contribution to the Programme for water supply of the rural population – PAGER sets for the benefit of future generations. The operation guide is probably the most direct way to ensure recovery and therefore the conservation of these resources, as long as it is done with care.

PERSPECTIVES

On August 29, 2014 came into force the new Law “Rules General on international cooperation for development” (Law August 11, 2014 no. 125).
Council after 27 years by the old law governing the matter (Law 49/1987), Law 125/2014 defines the subjects, instruments, methods of intervention and reference standards based on changes acquired over the years in the international community, while allowing an adjustment of the Italian system of development cooperation models prevelanti partener in the countries of the EU.

The Interministerial Committee for Development Cooperation (CICS), consisting of departments involved in the subject matter of cooperative activities will be at the center of the new governance structure of the system and ensure coherence and cooperation coordianamento policy. Under the law now in force, the objectives of the new cooperation will focus on:

• Eradication of Poverty
• reducing inequalities
• affirmation of human rights and dignity of individuals
• conflict prevention
• support to peace-making

The objectives will be detailed and specified by the adoption of a document three years of planning and policy, approved by the Council of Ministers, after obtaining the opinion of the competent parliamentary committees, by March 31 of each year.

Law 125/2014 also defines a new management structure, providing for the birth of the Italian Cooperation for Development which will enhance existing skills and attract new ones, allowing also to grapple with how best innovative partnerships that exist today not normatively compatible with the existing set.

Integrated Development Project

In view of the foregoing, we believe that the possible intervention strategy can be considered in the integration, the project called Micro Credit and a developable project and in support thereof, and framed as supporting human development, such as continuity of action , framed in the funds available in the program (NIHD). You may also be (if compatible) pinpoints the invitation Community-sector cooperation on which to present the project as an additional funding request. Here then, we indicate the possible forms which could be based on the project development:

Module 1

Analysis of the impact of micro finance in Morocco
• The object of analysis, that the individual or family that enjoys the program of micro-credit;
• Randomness. One of the central problems of the impact analysis is to understand to what extent the observed changes in the client’s life can really be attributed to micro-finance program. This raises the question of determining the causal relationships between the variables considered. In order to solve this problem we must consider the question of the fungibility of credit, or the difficulty in determining by whom and in what manner is actually used credit, how much, and how much in fuel consumption for productive activities;
• Indicators. The indicators should have characteristics that make them available and easily applicable. They must also be easy to understand the interviewee, reliable, robust, sensitive, and must be applied at low cost;
• The measurement of income, which covers an important part in the evaluation of the condition of poverty;
• Evaluation of poverty: there are different ways to measure the level of poverty, but the most used are the visual indicators of poverty, ie those based on the quality of the house (House Index), or definitions and classifications given by the community (Participatory Wealth Ranking ) are tools used by many institutions as a starting point to define the level of poverty of potential customers. Two other very useful tools are often used in the impact assessment: indices of women’s empowerment and Exit Analysis; first need to look at what effect access to credit has had on the status of women and on gender relations, the second is a study of the reasons that lead customers to abandon the program for information on how to improve the work of the institutions .

Module 2

Development of a comprehensive system of micro-finance, with additional services needed, run by the Postal Bank Al Barid Bank
• Work to raise awareness and communication of services offered to beneficiaries;
• Diversification of financial products (examples: Social Work);
• Introduction of the service of Micro credit (loans individual and collective);
• Financial education customers;
• Support and advice for clients with low levels of education;
• Approach-oriented banked for financial inclusion and social satisfaction of social needs in emergencies and development of micro-entrepreneurship.

Module 3

Develop initiatives of micro entrepreneurship
• Development of training programs targeted to the acquisition of skills, administrative and fiscal management and also in the cooperative sector;
• Implementation of the development of micro-enterprise in the territory of Morocco including partnerships between non-profit organizations Moroccan and Italian in the areas identified by the program (NIHD).

Module 4

Areas of development of micro entrepreneurship
• Rural tourism, marine, cultural;
• Manufacturing Production craft;
• Agri-food production and sustainable organic;
• Service port for recreational boating;
• Services in the field of logistics.

Module 5

Promotion: Communication and Marketing
• Development of audio-visual and multimedia aimed at social communication, guidance, training, business development;
• Creation of commercial websites;
• Advertising campaigns;
• Themed Events.

Module 6

Monitoring of the project implementation
- Publication of the results during and after